Fundamental rights

Fundamental rights are fundamental legal positions of the individual.

Fundamental rights protect You as a carrier from state intervention, allow them to develop in society, enable economic as well as political activities and secure the existence of democratic institutions.

On this page you will learn about different types of these rights from various fundamental rights catalogues. Get inspired and discover your rights!

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

The European Convention on Human Rights

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Human dignity

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Article 1

Human dignity is inviolable. It must be respected and protected.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to life

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Article 2

(1) Everyone has the right to life.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to life

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Article 2

(2) No one shall be condemned to the death penalty, or executed.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to the integrity of the person

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Article 3

(1) Everyone has the right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to the integrity of the person

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Article 3

(2) In the fields of medicine and biology, the following must be respected in particular:

a) the free and informed consent of the person concerned, according to the procedures laid down by law,

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to the integrity of the person

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Article 3

(2) In the fields of medicine and biology, the following must be respected in particular:

b) the prohibition of eugenic practices, in particular those aiming at the selection of persons,

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to the integrity of the person

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Article 3

(2) In the fields of medicine and biology, the following must be respected in particular:

c) the prohibition on making the human body and its parts as such a source of financial gain,

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to the integrity of the person

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Article 3

(2) In the fields of medicine and biology, the following must be respected in particular:

d) the prohibition of the reproductive cloning of human beings.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment

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Article 4

No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Prohibition of slavery and forced labour

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Article 5

(1) No one shall be held in slavery or servitude.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Prohibition of slavery and forced labour

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Article 5

(2) No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Prohibition of slavery and forced labour

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Article 5

(3) Trafficking in human beings is prohibited.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to liberty and security

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Article 6

Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Respect for private and family life

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Article 7

Everyone has the right to respect for his or her private and family life, home and communications.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Protection of personal data

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Article 8

(1) Everyone has the right to the protection of personal data concerning him or her.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Protection of personal data

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Article 8

(2) Such data must be processed fairly for specified purposes and on the basis of the consent of the person concerned or some other legitimate basis laid down by law. Everyone has the right of access to data which has been collected concerning him or her, and the right to have it rectified.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Protection of personal data

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Article 8

(3) Compliance with these rules shall be subject to control by an independent authority.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to marry and right to found a family

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Article 9

The right to marry and the right to found a family shall be guaranteed in accordance with the national laws governing the exercise of these rights.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom of thought, conscience and religion

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Article 10

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right includes freedom to change religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or in private, to manifest religion or belief, in worship, teaching, practice and observance.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom of thought, conscience and religion

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Article 10

(2) The right to conscientious objection is recognised, in accordance with the national laws governing the exercise of this right.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom of expression and information

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Article 11

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom of expression and information

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Article 11

(2) The freedom and pluralism of the media shall be respected.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom of assembly and of association

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Article 12

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and to freedom of association at all levels, in particular in political, trade union and civic matters, which implies the right of everyone to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his or her interests.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom of assembly and of association

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Article 12

(2) Political parties at Union level contribute to expressing the political will of the citizens of the Union.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom of the arts and sciences

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Article 13

The arts and scientific research shall be free of constraint. Academic freedom shall be respected.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to education

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Article 14

(1) Everyone has the right to education and to have access to vocational and continuing training.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to education

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Article 14

(2) This right includes the possibility to receive free compulsory education.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to education

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Article 14

(3) The freedom to found educational establishments with due respect for democratic principles and the right of parents to ensure the education and teaching of their children in conformity with their religious, philosophical and pedagogical convictions shall be respected, in accordance with the national laws governing the exercise of such freedom and right.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work

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Article 15

(1) Everyone has the right to engage in work and to pursue a freely chosen or accepted occupation.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work

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Article 15

(2) Every citizen of the Union has the freedom to seek employment, to work, to exercise the right of establishment and to provide services in any Member State.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work

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Article 15

(3) Nationals of third countries who are authorised to work in the territories of the Member States are entitled to working conditions equivalent to those of citizens of the Union.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom to conduct a business

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Article 16

The freedom to conduct a business in accordance with Union law and national laws and practices is recognised.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to property

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Article 17

(1) Everyone has the right to own, use, dispose of and bequeath his or her lawfully acquired possessions. No one may be deprived of his or her possessions, except in the public interest and in the cases and under the conditions provided for by law, subject to fair compensation being paid in good time for their loss. The use of property may be regulated by law in so far as is necessary for the general interest.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to property

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Article 17

(2) Intellectual property shall be protected.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to asylum

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Article 18

The right to asylum shall be guaranteed with due respect for the rules of the Geneva Convention of 28 July 1951 and the Protocol of 31 January 1967 relating to the status of refugees and in accordance with the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as 'the Treaties').

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition

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Article 19

(1) Collective expulsions are prohibited.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition

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Article 19

(2) No one may be removed, expelled or extradited to a State where there is a serious risk that he or she would be subjected to the death penalty, torture or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Equality before the law

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Article 20

Everyone is equal before the law.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Non-discrimination

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Article 21

(1) Any discrimination based on any ground such as sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation shall be prohibited.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Non-discrimination

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Article 21

(2) Within the scope of application of the Treaties and without prejudice to any of their specific provisions, any discrimination on grounds of nationality shall be prohibited.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity

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Article 22

The Union shall respect cultural, religious and linguistic diversity.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Equality between women and men

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Article 23

Equality between women and men must be ensured in all areas, including employment, work and pay.

The principle of equality shall not prevent the maintenance or adoption of measures providing for specific advantages in favour of the under-represented sex.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

The rights of the child

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Article 24

(1) Children shall have the right to such protection and care as is necessary for their well-being. They may express their views freely. Such views shall be taken into consideration on matters which concern them in accordance with their age and maturity.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

The rights of the child

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Article 24

(2) In all actions relating to children, whether taken by public authorities or private institutions, the child's best interests must be a primary consideration.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

The rights of the child

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Article 24

(3) Every child shall have the right to maintain on a regular basis a personal relationship and direct contact with both his or her parents, unless that is contrary to his or her interests.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

The rights of the elderly

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Article 25

The Union recognises and respects the rights of the elderly to lead a life of dignity and independence and to participate in social and cultural life.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Integration of persons with disabilities

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Article 26

The Union recognises and respects the right of persons with disabilities to benefit from measures designed to ensure their independence, social and occupational integration and participation in the life of the community.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Workers' right to information and consultation within the undertaking

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Article 27

Workers or their representatives must, at the appropriate levels, be guaranteed information and consultation in good time in the cases and under the conditions provided for by Union law and national laws and practices.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right of collective bargaining and action

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Article 28

Workers and employers, or their respective organisations, have, in accordance with Union law and national laws and practices, the right to negotiate and conclude collective agreements at the appropriate levels and, in cases of conflicts of interest, to take collective action to defend their interests, including strike action.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right of access to placement services

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Article 29

Everyone has the right of access to a free placement service.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal

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Article 30

Every worker has the right to protection against unjustified dismissal, in accordance with Union law and national laws and practices.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Fair and just working conditions

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Article 31

(1) Every worker has the right to working conditions which respect his or her health, safety and dignity.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Fair and just working conditions

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Article 31

(2) Every worker has the right to limitation of maximum working hours, to daily and weekly rest periods and to an annual period of paid leave.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work

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Article 32

The employment of children is prohibited. The minimum age of admission to employment may not be lower than the minimum school-leaving age, without prejudice to such rules as may be more favourable to young people and except for limited derogations.

Young people admitted to work must have working conditions appropriate to their age and be protected against economic exploitation and any work likely to harm their safety, health or physical, mental, moral or social development or to interfere with their education.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Family and professional life

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Article 33

(1) The family shall enjoy legal, economic and social protection.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Family and professional life

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Article 33

(2) To reconcile family and professional life, everyone shall have the right to protection from dismissal for a reason connected with maternity and the right to paid maternity leave and to parental leave following the birth or adoption of a child.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Social security and social assistance

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Article 34

(1) The Union recognises and respects the entitlement to social security benefits and social services providing protection in cases such as maternity, illness, industrial accidents, dependency or old age, and in the case of loss of employment, in accordance with the rules laid down by Union law and national laws and practices.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Social security and social assistance

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Article 34

(2) Everyone residing and moving legally within the European Union is entitled to social security benefits and social advantages in accordance with Union law and national laws and practices.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Social security and social assistance

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Article 34

(3) In order to combat social exclusion and poverty, the Union recognises and respects the right to social and housing assistance so as to ensure a decent existence for all those who lack sufficient resources, in accordance with the rules laid down by Union law and national laws and practices.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Health care

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Article 35

Everyone has the right of access to preventive health care and the right to benefit from medical treatment under the conditions established by national laws and practices. A high level of human health protection shall be ensured in the definition and implementation of all the Union's policies and activities.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Access to services of general economic interest

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Article 36

The Union recognises and respects access to services of general economic interest as provided for in national laws and practices, in accordance with the Treaties, in order to promote the social and territorial cohesion of the Union.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Environmental protection

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Article 37

A high level of environmental protection and the improvement of the quality of the environment must be integrated into the policies of the Union and ensured in accordance with the principle of sustainable development.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Consumer protection

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Article 38

Union policies shall ensure a high level of consumer protection.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament

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Article 39

(1) Every citizen of the Union has the right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament in the Member State in which he or she resides, under the same conditions as nationals of that State.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament

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Article 39

(2) Members of the European Parliament shall be elected by direct universal suffrage in a free and secret ballot.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections

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Article 40

Every citizen of the Union has the right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections in the Member State in which he or she resides under the same conditions as nationals of that State.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to good administration

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Article 41

(1) Every person has the right to have his or her affairs handled impartially, fairly and within a reasonable time by the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to good administration

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Article 41

(2) This right includes

a) the right of every person to be heard, before any individual measure which would affect him or her adversely is taken,

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to good administration

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Article 41

(2) This right includes

b) the right of every person to have access to his or her file, while respecting the legitimate interests of confidentiality and of professional and business secrecy,

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to good administration

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Article 41

(2) This right includes

c) the obligation of the administration to give reasons for its decisions.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to good administration

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Article 41

(3) Every person has the right to have the Union make good any damage caused by its institutions or by its servants in the performance of their duties, in accordance with the general principles common to the laws of the Member States.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to good administration

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Article 41

(4) Every person may write to the institutions of the Union in one of the languages of the Treaties and must have an answer in the same language.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right of access to documents

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Article 42

Any citizen of the Union, and any natural or legal person residing or having its registered office in a Member State, has a right of access to documents of the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union, whatever their medium.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

European Ombudsman

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Article 43

Any citizen of the Union and any natural or legal person residing or having its registered office in a Member State has the right to refer to the European Ombudsman cases of maladministration in the activities of the institutions, bodies, offices or agencies of the Union, with the exception of the Court of Justice of the European Union acting in its judicial role.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to petition

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Article 44

Any citizen of the Union and any natural or legal person residing or having its registered office in a Member State has the right to petition the European Parliament.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom of movement and of residence

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Article 45

(1) Every citizen of the Union has the right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Freedom of movement and of residence

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Article 45

(2) Freedom of movement and residence may be granted, in accordance with the Treaties, to nationals of third countries legally resident in the territory of a Member State.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Diplomatic and consular protection

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Article 46

Every citizen of the Union shall, in the territory of a third country in which the Member State of which he or she is a national is not represented, be entitled to protection by the diplomatic or consular authorities of any Member State, on the same conditions as the nationals of that Member State.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial

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Article 47

Everyone whose rights and freedoms guaranteed by the law of the Union are violated has the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal in compliance with the conditions laid down in this Article.

Everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law. Everyone shall have the possibility of being advised, defended and represented.

Legal aid shall be made available to those who lack sufficient resources in so far as such aid is necessary to ensure effective access to justice.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Presumption of innocence and right of defence

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Article 48

(1) Everyone who has been charged shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Presumption of innocence and right of defence

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Article 48

(2) Respect for the rights of the defence of anyone who has been charged shall be guaranteed.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties

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Article 49

(1) No one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under national law or international law at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the criminal offence was committed. If, subsequent to the commission of a criminal offence, the law provides for a lighter penalty, that penalty shall be applicable.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties

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Article 49

(2) This Article shall not prejudice the trial and punishment of any person for any act or omission which, at the time when it was committed, was criminal according to the general principles recognised by the community of nations.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties

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Article 49

(3) The severity of penalties must not be disproportionate to the criminal offence.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same criminal offence

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Article 50

No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again in criminal proceedings for an offence for which he or she has already been finally acquitted or convicted within the Union in accordance with the law.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Field of application

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Article 51

(1) The provisions of this Charter are addressed to the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union with due regard for the principle of subsidiarity and to the Member States only when they are implementing Union law. They shall therefore respect the rights, observe the principles and promote the application thereof in accordance with their respective powers and respecting the limits of the powers of the Union as conferred on it in the Treaties.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Field of application

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Article 51

(2) The Charter does not extend the field of application of Union law beyond the powers of the Union or establish any new power or task for the Union, or modify powers and tasks as defined in the Treaties.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Scope and interpretation of rights and principles

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Article 52

(1) Any limitation on the exercise of the rights and freedoms recognised by this Charter must be provided for by law and respect the essence of those rights and freedoms. Subject to the principle of proportionality, limitations may be made only if they are necessary and genuinely meet objectives of general interest recognised by the Union or the need to protect the rights and freedoms of others.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Scope and interpretation of rights and principles

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Article 52

(2) Rights recognised by this Charter for which provision is made in the Treaties shall be exercised under the conditions and within the limits defined by those Treaties.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Scope and interpretation of rights and principles

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Article 52

(3) In so far as this Charter contains rights which correspond to rights guaranteed by the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the meaning and scope of those rights shall be the same as those laid down by the said Convention. This provision shall not prevent Union law providing more extensive protection.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Scope and interpretation of rights and principles

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Article 52

(4) In so far as this Charter recognises fundamental rights as they result from the constitutional traditions common to the Member States, those rights shall be interpreted in harmony with those traditions.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Scope and interpretation of rights and principles

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Article 52

(5) The provisions of this Charter which contain principles may be implemented by legislative and executive acts taken by institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union, and by acts of Member States when they are implementing Union law, in the exercise of their respective powers. They shall be judicially cognisable only in the interpretation of such acts and in the ruling on their legality.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Scope and interpretation of rights and principles

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Article 52

(6) Full account shall be taken of national laws and practices as specified in this Charter.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Scope and interpretation of rights and principles

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Article 52

(7) The explanations drawn up as a way of providing guidance in the interpretation of this Charter shall be given due regard by the courts of the Union and of the Member States.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Level of protection

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Article 53

Nothing in this Charter shall be interpreted as restricting or adversely affecting human rights and fundamental freedoms as recognised, in their respective fields of application, by Union law and international law and by international agreements to which the Union or all the Member States are party, including the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and by the Member States' constitutions.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

Prohibition of abuse of rights

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Article 54

Nothing in this Charter shall be interpreted as implying any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms recognised in this Charter or at their limitation to a greater extent than is provided for herein.

GENERAL PROVISIONS JUSTICE CITIZENS' RIGHTS SOLIDARITY EQUALITY FREEDOMS DIGNITY

Constancy of fundamental rights

As a rule, fundamental rights are endowed with a special force of existence. This means that the state may not arbitrarily dispose of these rights – i.e. abolish or amend them. This is why we also speak of the inalienability or inviolability of fundamental rights.

Historical attempts at classification

Fundamental rights and their functions

At their core, all fundamental and human rights convey the protection of human dignity and freedom. In detail, however, they vouch for different claims. These (individual) claims are legally enforceable and thus distinguish fundamental rights from state objectives.

According to Georg Jellinek’s (historical) status theory, fundamental rights can be divided into three groups (status negativus, positivus and activus). Although this classification can no longer reflect the diversity of fundamental rights today, it nevertheless has didactic value and should be mentioned here (cf. Berka, Verfassungsrecht [2021] 425).

Negative freedom function

Rights of status negativus secure an individual claim to refrain from state action; they contain a defensive function against the state. Accordingly, the state may not indiscriminately carry out expropriations or restrict freedom of expression.

Positive performance function

Rights of status positivus guarantee claims against the state, i.e. an obligation of the state to act actively. For example, the state must immediately inform those arrested of the reasons for their arrest; and actively protect lawful demonstrations from disturbances by third parties.

Active
Participatory function

Rights of status activus guarantee entitlements to participate in the formation of state will. These include the right to vote and to stand for election.

Different categories of fundamental rights

Rights

of freedom

Rights of freedom are primarily defensive rights against the state, which only permit interference with designated fundamental rights under certain conditions. The scope of protection of the rights of freedom mostly include highly personal spheres or certain scope of action of the respective holders of fundamental rights. Thus, for example, general freedom of movement, property, private autonomy, but also faith including its exercise are protected.

In addition to this defensive function of the rights of freedom, the state must also take active steps to protect these rights within the framework of its guarantee function.

Equality rights

Equality rights guarantee a status of legal equality before the law. Unequal treatment by the state is fundamentally excluded and only permissible under certain objectively justified conditions.

Apart from this, equality rights often also include non-comparative rights that are not limited to the mere “comparison of legal positions”. For example, a general requirement of objectivity is derived from the Austrian principle of equality, which not only covers equal or unequal treatment, but also rejects certain regulations as inherently unobjective. Furthermore, the principle of equality also prohibits decisions that are arbitrary.

Procedural guarantees

Procedural guarantees lay down formal and substantive requirements for proceedings before courts and authorities.

They can standardise claims to a certain procedure (such as a decision by an independent court) or order a certain design of a procedure (e.g. that a court hearing must be public). In addition, they can also guarantee procedural legal positions such as the presumption of innocence or the prohibition of self-incrimination.

In criminal proceedings, for example, the state must (actively) ensure that the fundamental rights holder receives a decision by a court within a reasonable period of time.

Social rights

Basic social rights guarantee entitlements to social benefits, such as the right to work, housing or social welfare. Although Austrian (federal) constitutional law does not explicitly provide for the guarantee of basic social rights, social participation rights can be derived from the rights to freedom and equality, which grant the holders of basic rights individual claims to participation in state benefits.

Political rights

Political rights guarantee rights to actively participate in the formation of political will and thus in the production of the will of the state. In this way, the exercise of participation rights (such as the right to vote) legitimises the exercise of state power.

Furthermore, political rights ensure their holders the establishment of appropriate procedures and the exercise of democratically acquired rights: i.e., for example, to the correct counting of the votes cast in the electoral process and subsequently to the exercise of the mandate for the duration of the electoral period.

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Constancy of fundamental rights

Fundamental rights and their functions

Negative freedom function

Positive performance function

ActiveParticipatory function

Different categories of fundamental rights

Rights

of freedom

Equality rights

Procedural guarantees

Social rights

Political rights

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Leitung

Active
Participatory function

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Fundamental Rights Newsletter